Kazakh Dombra Music and Dina Nurpeisova’s Compositions
Abstract
Abstract. The authors characterize the kyui as the Kazakhs’ instrumental musical heritage,
singling out the dombra kyuis, which present a significant part of it. Examination is made of the
conditions of formation and development of the folk instrument range, the originality of the art of
the kyuishi (folk musicians), as well as of individually artistic performance schools. Elucidation
is made of the musical legacy of Dina Nurpeisova (1861–1955) – an outstanding representative
of the Western Kazakh tradition of the dombra art. Two of her kyuis, “Zhiger” (“Energy”) and
“Bulbul” (“The Nightingale”), bearing the same titles as the works of Kurmangazy (1818–1889)
and Dauletkerey (1820–1887), have been chosen for analysis. In her best compositions Dina
Nurpeisova organically molds into a unified whole the achievements of two main directions of the
dombra music from Western Kazakhstan – the bright temperament of the style of Kurmangazy with
the soft lyricism of Dauletkerey. The latter’s music “Zhiger” is emotionally reserved and inwardly
tense, and there is a prevalence in it of the philosophical-psychological element. On the other hand,
Dina’s kyui is characterized by an emotional openness and a dynamic goal commitment. In Dina’s
version of the “Bulbul” there is a presence of all the intonational-thematic formations typical
of Kurmangazy and Dauletkerey. At the same time, by making use of the material found by her
predecessors, Dina brings the compositional structure of the music work to the level of perfection.
Dina Nurpeisova’s “Bulbul” pertains to outstanding specimens of musical-philosophical lyricism,
that psychological depth which this image obtained in Eastern poetry. Dina’s “Bulbul” presents in
a profoundly national form a fusion of the personality’s thoughts and experiences, which endows
the composition a panhuman scale.
Keywords: traditional instrumental music, dombra, Kazakh dombra music, kyui, compositional
structure of the kyui, kyuishi
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33779/2782-3598.2021.4.126-137
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